POULTRY CLINICAL MYCOTOXICOSIS (BORRELL 1989)

Aflatoxin* Hepatic size enlargement Increase in coagulation time
Increase in proto-combining time Corporal size reduction
Pro-ventricle size enlargement Gizzard size enlargement
Laying reduction Testicle atrophia
Embryo development delay Embryo malformations
Sericeous protein reduction Antibody absorption reduction
 
Ochratoxin A* Kidney weight increase Corporal Weight loss
Increased Urate deposits Sexual maturity delay
biliary conducts multiplication Laying reduction
Immunization defenses reduction
     
Rubratoxin B* Hepatic hypertrophy Fabricius bag Atrophia
Embryo malformation
     
Diacetoxycirpernol* Lymphatic tissue necropsy Spinal cord necropsy
Biliary vesicle necropsy
     
T-2* Mouth necropsy Hepatic hypertrophy
VII factor and proto-combining reduction Subcutaneous edema
   
Zearalenone* Liver weight increase
Kidney weight increase Heart weight increase
Testicle intestinal fibrosis Estrogenic effect
Testicle weight reduction Crest size reduction
     
Citrinin* Renal size enlargement Increase in water Consumption
Urine production increase
     
Penicilloic* Acid Sterigmata-cystine Heart muscle alteration Renal necropsy
Hepatic necropsy
     
Penitrem A and B* Neurotoxic
     
Patulin Hepatic alteration


Note: The combination of two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin.



SWINE CLINICAL MYCOTOXICOSIS

(OSWEILER, 1992)

Toxin

Category

Clinical Effect

Aflatoxin

Development / grow-out

* Growth and feed conversion reduction.
* Liver microscopic lesions, colangio-hepatitis, hepatic serological enzymes enlargement
* Feed consumption reduction, hardened hair, hypertony.
* Coagulation apathy, depression, anorexia.
* Acute hepatitis, and mortality in 3 to 10 days.
 

Sow / Reproductive Stage

* No conception effect, normal slow growing suckling pigs because of aflatoxin in the milk.

Ochratoxin and Citrinin

Grow-out

* Moderate renal lesions. reduction in weight gain.
* Polydypsia, reduced growth, glycosuria and polyuria

 

Sows / Reproductive Stage

* Normal when they eat on the first month

Tricotecen T-2 and DAS

Development /Grow-out

* Reduced feed consumption, oral and dermal irritation.
* Full rejection and vomiting.

Deoxynivalenol

 

* Reduced feed consumption.
* Full rejection

Zearalenone F-2

Reproductive Sows

* vulvovaginitis, Prolapse

 

Cycling sows

* Persistency of anestra lutea body.
* Pseudopregnancy

 

Pregnant sows

* Early embryo mortality when feeding
* 1-3 weeks post-service.

Fumonisin

Swine

* Acute lung edema, hepatitis, lymphoblasts genesis paralysis, reduced feed consumption

VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS
(SHULLY CHEEKE, 1983)

SYSTEM

MYCOTOXINS

* Metabolic System:

 

- Carbohydrates metabolism

Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Phomopsin A

- Lipids metabolism

Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, T-2, Citrinin, Rubratoxin B

- Vitamin assimilation

Aflatoxin, dicumarol

- Protein synthesis

Aflatoxin, Trichothecenes

- Mitochondrial respiration

Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Rubratoxin B, Patulin

* Endocrine system

Aflatoxin, Zearalenone, Ergot, Alkaloids

* Skeletal system

Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A

Note: The combination of two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin.

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